Hierarchical Inference of Binary Neutron Star Mass Distribution and Equation of State with Gravitational Waves

The traditional method used to perform population inference on Advanced LIGO/Virgo sources fails when applied to inferring the equation of state of nuclear matter from binary neutron star observations. Using Gaussian mixture modelling, we introduce a new framework in which to simultaneously infer the astrophysical distribution of merging neutron stars and the equation of state. Our method can be applied generically to population inference problems.